Performance Evaluation of the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) Versus the Traditional Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) for Loop Prevention, Convergence Time Reduction, and Network Stability in Local Area Networks

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to compare the performance, convergence time, network stability, and loop problem-solving capabilities of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) with the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) both theoretically and practically. The importance of this research arises from the necessity to implement effective protocols that guaranty uninterrupted connectivity and reduce network outages in contemporary networks, especially within educational settings that depend on redundant pathways to sustain service availability. The research utilized a descriptive-analytical methodology for the theoretical section and an experimental methodology for the practical section. A simulation network was constructed via Cisco Packet Tracer, comprising several switches linked by redundant connections to establish a looping network setting for assessing the efficacy of both protocols. Multiple failure scenarios, such as the severance of a principal connection, were executed to assess the network's recovery duration and evaluate its behavior in each circumstance. The results revealed that although STP is effective in preventing network loops, it suffers from a relatively long convergence time, ranging from 30 to 50 seconds, which results in temporary network disruption. In contrast, RSTP demonstrated superior performance by restoring network connectivity within only 1 to 5 seconds through advanced mechanisms that enable rapid switching to backup paths. Furthermore, the findings showed that RSTP significantly improves network stability and minimizes the impact of failures on end users, making it more suitable for networks that require high reliability and stable performance. Based on these findings, the study recommends adopting RSTP instead of STP in the design of modern networks, particularly in educational institutions and environments where continuous service availability is essential.