Journal of Insights in Basic and Applied Sciences
The Journal of Insights in Basic and Applied Sciences (JIBAS) (ISSN: 3106-1737) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by Alqala Aljadida University in Libya. Located at https://jibas.com.ly/index.php/jibas/en , JIBAS is dedicated to advancing scientific knowledge by publishing high-quality research across various fields of basic and applied sciences. The journal publishes four issues per year. Vision To be a leading platform for scientific discourse and innovation, contributing to the global advancement of knowledge in basic and applied sciences. Mission To provide a high-quality, open-access platform for researchers to publish their original and impactful work, ensuring a rigorous and fair peer-review process. Aims Knowledge Dissemination: To publish cutting-edge research and make it freely accessible to the global scientific community. Scientific Integrity: To uphold the highest standards of academic integrity and promote ethical research practices. Interdisciplinary Collaboration: To foster collaboration among researchers from diverse scientific disciplines. For further inquiries, please get in touch with the editor at jibas.publishing@gmail.com or via WhatsApp at +218927648287.
The Role of E-Management in Improving the Efficiency of Tripoli Seaport Management: A Descriptive and Analytical Study of Tripoli Seaport Management
E-management represents a new field in modern administration, employing advanced methods and techniques to transition from traditional administrative practices to a more sophisticated level. This involves utilizing modern mechanisms such as computers and internet connectivity, and optimizing the use of this advanced technology in administrative work. This allows for ease, flexibility, and the efficient, effective, and accurate delivery of services. Therefore, many countries are working to improve their performance by implementing e-management in their institutions to facilitate services, enhance performance, and provide better customer service. E-management has become an urgent necessity in this era of speed and technology. In this context, this research examines the role of e-management in improving the efficiency of the Tripoli Seaport, an institution of strategic and vital importance to the country due to its significant local, regional, and global significance. Given the importance of this institution, it is essential to provide maritime services to clients in the fastest and easiest way possible through e-management. This is achieved by utilizing advanced machinery, equipment, and communication networks to expedite administrative processes and prevent errors or problems. This is accomplished through the timely storage and retrieval of data and information, enabling decision-making that serves the institution and its clients with ease and flexibility. The importance of this study lies in the role of e-government in improving and raising the efficiency of management at the Tripoli seaport and developing it in a way that suits this vital and service facility for the Libyan state and society. This study also contributes to providing scientific studies for the Libyan library.
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Artificial Intelligence and Digitization in Serving the Objectives of the Islamic Economy
This study addresses a fundamental issue concerning the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and digitalization on one hand, and the maqasid-based structure of Islamic economics on the other. The research proceeds from the premise that these technologies are not neutral procedural tools, but rather formative forces capable of reshaping financial systems either in alignment with the higher objectives of Shariah or in conflict with them, depending on the governance framework regulating their deployment. The study advances through three analytical levels: a theoretical grounding of the maqasid of Islamic economics revealing its axiological distinctiveness from conventional economics; an examination of how digital transformation reflects upon these objectives, identifying points of harmony and tension; and finaly a practical framework for harnessing AI in service of distributive justice, social solidarity, and financial sustainability. Adopting both descriptive-analytical and inductive methodologies, the research concludes that the opportunities offered by technology do not materialize automatically; rather they depend on the existence of a Shariah-based institutional framework that regulates their trajectory and prevents deviation from the universal objectives of Islamic law
Assessment of the Adoption of Sustainable Design in Concrete Structures: A Survey of Structural Engineers
This study was conducted to evaluate the adoption of sustainable design in reinforced concrete structures through a field survey of civil engineers. The study relied on an electronic questionnaire to measure a set of environmental and construction indicators, such as the use of alternative materials, the reduction of carbon emissions, and construction waste management in compliance with sustainability standards. The collected data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and analytical methods to interpret responses and explain the extent to which sustainable design principles are applied in concrete construction projects. The results showed a strong awareness of the importance of sustainable design and the use of alternative materials; however, the practical application of these concepts remains limited. It was also found that attention to carbon emission reduction and waste management is at a moderate level and requires further improvement. The study recommends strengthening the accurate implementation of sustainability concepts and integrating them into construction practices; promoting environmental awareness among civil engineers; improving waste management systems and enhancing recycling practices; encouraging the use of alternative materials through policies and guidelines; and adopting sustainability assessment systems to ensure the effective implementation of sustainability within the construction sector.
The Use of Information and Communication Technology and Its Impact on Developing Human Resource Management A Field Study on Aljumhouria Bank (Gharyan Branch and Al-Asabia Branch)
This study focuses on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) and its impact on the development of human resource management in the branches of the Al-Jumhuriya Bank in Gharyan and Al-Osbah. The study variables were activated by surveying 200 individuals as a random sample of employees from the bank branches under study. The data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical software for social sciences. The study reached several key findings, the most important of which are: • The level of information technology usage in the banks under study was found to be moderate, with a general mean of 2.76, while the level of communication technology usage was low, with a general mean of 2.53. The average scores for the dimensions of information and communication technologies were as follows: Communication Systems (3.22), Software (2.74), Databases (2.71), Information (2.44), and Networks (1.85). • The level of human resource management development in the banks under study was low, with a general mean of 2.30. • There was a statistically significant correlation between information and communication technology, with a correlation coefficient of +0.645. There was also a statistically significant relationship between ICT and the development of human resources, with a correlation coefficient of +0.803. • A statistically significant effect of information and communication technology on the development of human resources was found, with a coefficient of determination of 64.5%.
Analysis Of AODV And DSDV Routing Protocols In Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks: A Review Paper
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that is connected through a wireless medium forming rapidly changing topologies. Mantes are infrastructure less and can be set up anytime, anywhere. We have conducted survey of protocol properties of various MANET routing algorithms and analyzed them. The routing algorithms considered are classified into three categories proactive (table driven) , reactive (on demand) and Hybrid protocol. Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) and Destination sequence Vector (DSDV) have been proposed to solve the multi hop routing problem in Ad-hoc networks. The comparison among three routing protocols are based on the various protocol property parameters such as Routing overhead, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, path optimality, and throughput are some metrics commonly used in the comparisons.
Consanguinity and Its Association with Genetic Disorders and Reproductive Outcomes in Benghazi
Background: Consanguinity marriage is a normal cultural practice in most Arab societies including Libya where consanguinity marriages form a considerable percentage of marriages in this nation. This practice has the propensity of causing autosomal recessive genetic conditions because the chances of shared deleterious alleles between married couples are high. Although consanguinity is socially acceptable, it is a significant public health issue since it is linked to poor reproductive and health conditions. Purpose: This paper was undertaken to find out the prevalence of consanguinity marriage in Benghazi, Libya and to examine its relationship with reproductive outcomes and genetic health conditions among the offspring, including diseases, neonatal outcomes and abortion rates. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was chosen. The researchers have selected a sample of 699 married couples in Benghazi. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic factors, the level of consanguinity, reproductive history, and child health outcomes. The SPSS version was used to statistically analyze the data, including descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to determine the relationship between variables, a significant level of p < 0.05. Key Results: The results showed that consanguinity marriage is high in Benghazi with first-cousin marriages being the most prevalent one. The statistically significant relationship between consanguinity and prevalence of genetic diseases among offspring was found (p < 0.001). Nonetheless, there was no strong correlation between consanguinity and the rates of abortion (p = 0.527). There was an increased number of health problems in consanguineous families than non-consanguineous. Inference: Consanguinity marriage is very high in Benghazi and has a significant connection in an elevated risk of genetic diseases in offspring. Though no significant effect was noted on the rate of abortion, overall findings indicate that consanguinity negatively affects child health and this may require a combination of public health interventions, genetic counseling, and awareness.
Assessment of Cytogenotoxic Potential of Aqueous Fruit Extracts of Pistacia lentiscus L. Using the Allium cepa Bioassay
Libya is characterized by a rich diversity of medicinal plants, among which Pistacia lentiscus L. is of considerable pharmacological importance due to its content of bioactive compounds with reported sedative and therapeutic properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytological effects of aqueous extracts prepared from fresh fruits of P. lentiscus at different concentrations (5, 10, 20, and 40g/200 ml) on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. The roots were exposed to the extracts for 3, 6, 12, and 24h, while distilled water served as the control. Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA revealed a highly significant interaction between extract concentration and exposure duration on the mitotic index (MI). Treatments with 10 g and 20g concentrations caused a significant reduction in the MI compared to the control, with the greatest decrease observed after 24 h of exposure. Analysis of mitotic abnormalities showed that the 5 g treatment differed significantly from the 20 g and 40 g concentrations at 24 h. Chromosomal stickiness at metaphase was the most frequently observed abnormality, suggesting possible disruption of proteins involved in chromatin organization. These findings demonstrate that aqueous extracts of fresh P. lentiscus fruits can interfere with normal mitotic activity and induce chromosomal abnormalities in A. cepa cells. Therefore, careful regulation of extract concentration and exposure duration is recommended to minimize potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.
Lyapunov-Guided Deep Reinforcement Learning for Stable Low-Latency Task Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing
Fifth-generation (5G) networks and Internet of Things (IoT) face critical challenges in balancing latency minimization and energy consumption while ensuring data queue stability in dynamic environments. This paper proposes an innovative hybrid framework that integrates stochastic optimization based on Lyapunov theory with the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm—termed LG-DDPG (Lyapunov-Guided DDPG). The offloading problem is formulated as a constrained Markov Decision Process (MDP), and a theoretical upper bound for the system cost is derived. The proposed framework employs the Drift-Plus-Penalty (DPP) technique to decouple the long-term stability constraint into instantaneous subproblems, which are then solved by a DDPG-based actor-critic architecture with hidden layers (256, 128, 64) using ReLU and Tanh activations. Comprehensive simulations—averaged over 10 independent runs—demonstrate that LG-DDPG achieves a 35–45% reduction in total system cost compared to state-of-the-art baselines, with an average latency of 45.2 ± 1.3 ms and energy consumption of 2.1 ± 0.1 J, outperforming DRL-only (52.8 ms), Lyapunov-only (58.3 ms), and PSO (65.7 ms) approaches. The system scales linearly to 100+ devices with O(N) complexity, with rigorous mathematical proofs confirming queue stability and neural network convergence.
Physiological Effects of Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles on Liver and Kidney Function: A Systematic Review of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cellular Responses
Background: Chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs) have emerged as a pivotal frontier in targeted oncology, offering enhanced biocompatibility and site-specific drug delivery. However a comprehensive physiological evaluation of their systemic safety profile remains essential for clinical translation. Objective: This reference study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility of using nanoparticles on organs, with a particular focus on liver and kidney functions and blood parameters. Methods: A rigorous synthesis of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies was conducted. The analysis prioritized biochemical markers of liver and kidney function, histopathological outcomes, and the molecular pathways governing nanoparticle-organ interactions. Comparative assessments between coated and uncoated formulations were performed to elucidate the role of chitosan in mitigating systemic toxicity. Results: Evidence indicates that chitosan functionalization significantly enhances nanoparticle stability and reduces off-target accumulation. Physiological data reveal that CMNPs generally maintain stable hepatic enzyme profiles and renal filtration markers exhibiting a protective or neutral effect on organ function. While transient fluctuations in certain hematological parameters were noted they remained within physiological reference ranges, suggesting minimal hemolytic potential. Conclusion: CMNPs demonstrate a favorable safety profile with superior biocompatibility compared to conventional delivery systems. Despite these promising findings, the heterogeneity in existing longitudinal data necessitates standardized toxicological protocols. Future research should prioritize chronic exposure models to fully characterize the long-term physiological implications of CMNP-based therapies in nanomedicine
Econometric Analysis and Forecasting of Wheat Production in Libya (2000–2035)
Wheat production in Libya remains insufficient to meet growing domestic demand, increasing reliance on imports and exposing the country to external shocks. This study examines the structural economic determinants and future trajectory of wheat production using annual data from 2000 to 2023. The ARDL model is used to study the long-term and short-term relationships between wheat production and its main determinants, including barley production, wheat prices, barley prices, wheat imports, population size, and domestic demand. The boundary test results confirm a long-term equilibrium relationship (F = 9.34), while the error correction limit is negative and statistically significant (ECM = -0.72, p < 0.01), indicating that approximately 72% of short-term variances are corrected within one year. To generate reliable predictions independent of projections of extrinsic variables, the ARIMA model is applied according to the Box-Jenkins methodology. The optimal model, ARIMA (1,1,0), was selected based on the lower bound of the Akaike information Criteria. (AIC = -0.61). Diagnostic tests confirm the absence of a sequential correlation (LM test, p = 0.10) and the overall efficiency of the model. Forecast results indicate that wheat production is expected to Forecast results suggest that wheat production will remain relatively stable, fluctuating between approximately 130,000 and 132,70 tons annually through 2035 By integrating structural econometric analysis with univariate time-series forecasting, this study provides both economic interpretation and forward-looking evidence to support agricultural policy and food security planning in Libya.
The Role of Financial Reporting Quality as an Intermediary Variable in The Relationship Between The Quality of Accounting Information and The Quality of Financial Decision-Making in An Information Asymmetric Environment
Improving the quality of accounting information is one of the most prominent challenges facing contemporary organizations in a business environment characterized by complexity, competitiveness, and high levels of uncertainty. In this context, financial decision-making no longer relies on personal experience or intuitive estimations, but rather increasingly depends on information outputs prepared according to accounting and professional standards that reflect the true financial performance and economic position of the entity. This study, accordingly, aims at building a theoretical framework that explains the relationship between the quality of accounting information and the quality of financial decisions, by employing the quality of financial reports as an intervening variable, in light of both agency theory and information asymmetry theory. Literature shows that a practical gap between the quantitative availability of financial reports and their effective analytical use in supporting financial decisions. This gap results from a set of challenges related to the poor quality of accounting information, limited disclosure and transparency, and deficiencies in the analytical skills of some decision-makers. The study adopted a conceptual analytical approach by reviewing accounting literature and related theories, with the aim of developing a model that clarifies the mechanism by which the impact of accounting information quality is transferred to the efficiency of financial decisions. The study posits that the quality of accounting information not only directly impacts the quality of financial decisions, but this impact is further amplified by the quality of financial reports, which reflect the characteristics of information in terms of relevance, reliability, honest representation, and transparency. The study concludes that the quality of financial reports represents a strategic link between the quality of accounting information and the efficiency of financial decisions. This is achieved through its role in reducing information asymmetry, enhancing trust and transparency, improving the efficiency of economic resource allocation, and mitigating opportunistic behaviors arising from conflicts of interest among stakeholders.
The Effect of Relaxation Techniques on Pain Associated with Burn Cases. A field study at the Burns and Wounds Hospital in Tripoli
Relaxation techniques are among the physiological and psychological methods that induce a state of deep rest and reduce the neural and emotional responses associated with stress and pain, such as lowering heart rate and muscle tension. These techniques have been increasingly applied in medical contexts as supportive approaches to pain management, particularly in burn injury cases, which are often accompanied by severe physical and psychological distress. This study aims to examine the effect of relaxation techniques on alleviating burn-related pain among patients at the Burns and Plastic Surgery Hospital in Tripoli. The researcher employed a descriptive analytical method to analyze data collected from a random sample of 40 patients aged between 25 and 35 years, during the period from March 11 to May 26, 2025. The results indicated that the application of relaxation techniques, especially physical relaxation and relaxation breathing, effectively reduced both physical pain and psychological tension among burn patients. Moreover, the medical and nursing staff expressed high satisfaction with the effectiveness of these techniques in improving patients’ overall condition and comfort levels. The study recommends integrating relaxation techniques into therapeutic and psychological support programs for burn patients, organizing specialized training courses for medical personnel, and raising community awareness about the importance of these techniques in enhancing recovery and improving quality of life.
Recurrent Miscarriage and its Impact on Mental health (A field study in the Bergen Al-Shati area)
Recurrent miscarriage is one of the major problems faced by women, as it involves the repeated loss of a fetus one after another. Each new pregnancy brings both hope and anxiety, along with the fear of another loss. It may be difficult for women to endure repeated miscarriages, as such experiences often lead to a loss of self-confidence, strained relationships with partners, and rejection or social withdrawal from others. The problem addressed in this study lies in the psychological pressure and depression experienced by women as a result of recurrent miscarriage, in addition to the increasing number of such cases. The study aimed to identify the psychological effects of recurrent miscarriage and the pressures women experience during this period. The descriptive-analytical method was used, and the study sample consisted of 51 women aged between 20 and 50 years from the Bragen–Al-Shati region, during the period from April 12 to June 12, 2025. The results indicated that most participants received social and emotional support from their families and partners, yet there remains a lack of societal awareness about the issue. Moreover, all participants reported experiencing various life and living pressures, and their general health condition was found to be weak.
Assessing the Risks of Cyberattacks on Libyan Banks and Ways to Mitigate Them
Libyan banks are digitizing quickly (e-banking web sites, mobile applications, online foreign-currency reservation platform, etc.) in a threat environment shaped by global cyber crime, a regional state of war and asymmetric cyber maturity. The paper implements the risks of a cyberattack on the Libyan banks by synthesizing (i) Libya-specific evidence from reported incidents (e.g., DDoS disruption affecting the Central Bank of Libya’s online foreign-currency reservation platform; bank web/mobile compromise reports; technical evidence of a vulnerability from a ‘2025 Nessus-based assessment’ of Libyan bank websites) and (ii) global financially-sector threat baselines from recent large-scale datasets (Verizon DBIR 2025; ENISA Threat Landscape 2025; and ENISA Finance Sector Threat Landscape covering 2023–H1 2024). We use a structured qualitative risk approach which maps threats, attack surfaces and likely impacts to control objectives from NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 and SWIFT’s Customer Security Controls Framework (CSCF), and to resilience expectations in the Basel Committee’s principles for operational resilience. Findings suggest that three risk clusters dominate for Libyan banks: availability disruption (especially DDoS) threatening public-facing banking and central-bank platforms; credential-led intrusions that enable ransomware and account takeover; and exploitable web-application and configuration weaknesses affecting banking web assets. We present a prioritised mitigation roadmap guided by reduction of risk per unit of effort. Governance (CSF “GOVERN”) should be the first priority, followed by identity hardening and phishing resistance, segmentation with secure remote access, continuous monitoring, tested incident response, and sector-wide resilience exercises, taking into account Libyan legislation on electronic transactions and cybercrime deterrence.
Chaos Detection in the Logistic Map Using Lyapunov Exponents
This paper investigates the transition to chaos in the logistic map, a fundamental model in nonlinear dynamics, by employing Lyapunov exponents as a quantitative measure. We begin by establishing the mathematical framework of one-dimensional maps and the formal definition of the Lyapunov exponent as an indicator of sensitive dependence on initial conditions. A numerical method for computing the exponent is implemented and applied to the logistic map across a range of its control parameter. The resulting Lyapunov spectrum is then systematically compared to the map's bifurcation diagram, demonstrating how positive Lyapunov exponents precisely correspond to chaotic regimes. The analysis highlights the exponent's utility not only as a binary chaos indicator but also as a measure of chaos intensity. This study reaffirms the Lyapunov exponent as a robust and essential tool for characterizing dynamical systems.
Sensitive Dependence on Initial Conditions
An expands Definition the Random Variable in Probability Theory
This paper clarifies how to deal with the random variable expands its definition, and recognizes the statistical measures of random processes, such as prediction and variance in a more appropriate form for random processes, to work on the random variable and link these processes to real processes through a real function "The density function". It also focuses on discussing the characteristics of the statistical independence of the random variable and the ability to work on it in terms of new definitions. Then clarify the idea of a random convergence to a random variable using "BOREL-CONTELLI LEMMA" to work on the stochastic differential equations.
Limit Cycles in a Reduced Adaptive Predator–Prey Model (AV-PP) with Nonlinear Functional Responses
This study investigates the emergence of limit cycles in adaptive predator–prey models by combining rigorous model reduction techniques with nonlinear functional responses. The analysis begins with a three-dimensional adaptive vulnerability predator–prey (AV-PP) model, in which prey susceptibility is treated as a dynamic variable to enhance biological realism. Due to the analytical complexity of the system, it is reduced to a two-dimensional planar model using a quasi-steady-state approximation (QSSA) supported by singular perturbation theory. This reduction is theoretically justified and preserves the essential qualitative dynamics of the original system. The reduced model with a linear interaction term is first examined, and the results show convergence toward a stable equilibrium without oscillatory behavior, indicating the absence of limit cycles. This highlights the limitation of linear formulations in representing realistic ecological dynamics. To address this, nonlinear functional responses are introduced. The incorporation of a Holling Type II functional response leads to equilibrium destabilization under specific parameter conditions, resulting in the emergence of a stable limit cycle. Further extension using a Holling Type III response enhances the robustness and persistence of oscillations by capturing ecological mechanisms such as predator learning and prey refuge effects. The qualitative analysis is carried out using the Poincaré–Bendixson theorem and the Elemental Limit Cycle (ELC) method. The results demonstrate that while the reduction simplifies the system without altering its fundamental behavior, the introduction of nonlinear functional responses is the key mechanism driving the transition from stable equilibrium to sustained oscillatory dynamics.
Reviving Stalled Housing Projects in Southern Libya through Public - Private Partnerships (PPP): A Framework for Sustainable Urban Development
This paper investigates the potential of utilizing Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) as a strategic mechanism for reviving stalled public housing projects in Southern Libya, where more than 105 projects, comprising approximately 27,283 residential units and 3,263 housing plots, remain incomplete due to financial constraints, institutional weaknesses, and political instability. A mixed-method approach is adopted, combining descriptive analysis, field-based investigations through site visits to stalled projects, comparative international case studies, and a techno-economic assessment. The study proposes a context-sensitive, land-based PPP model tailored to the socio-economic and geographic conditions of Southern Libya. The findings indicate that PPP approach can significantly enhance project delivery efficiency [3] reduce public financial burdens, and mobilize private sector investment. However, successful implementation depends on the establishment of a clear legal framework, effective risk-sharing mechanisms, and strengthened institutional capacity at the municipal level. The paper concludes by presenting a practical implementation framework and policy recommendations aimed at promoting sustainable urban development and improving housing accessibility in underserved regions. This highlights the need for alternative implementation mechanisms such as public-private partnerships.
Developing Low-Calorie Functional Foods Using Directed Fermentation Based on Sugar Substitutesand Natural Sweeteners
The escalating global prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome has intensified the search for effective sugar reduction strategies in food products. This study investigates the development of low-calorie functional foods through directed fermentation using sugar substitutes and natural sweeteners. A systematic formulation approach incorporating erythritol, allulose, steviol glycosides, and monk fruit extract was evaluated across three fermented food matrices: yogurt, kefir, and plant-based fermented beverage. Analytical results demonstrated that allulose-sweetened formulations achieved 92% caloric reduction compared to sucrose controls while maintaining comparable fermentation kinetics (μmax = 0.38–0.42 h⁻¹). Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis via HPLC revealed significantly enhanced propionate production (18.7 ± 1.2 mM) in isomalt-supplemented fermentations, consistent with gut microbiota modulation observed in recent multi-omics studies. Probiotic viability exceeded 8 log CFU·mL⁻¹ across all formulations, with steviol glycosides exhibiting prebiotic-like effects supporting Lactobacillus acidophilus growth. Sensory evaluation indicated that optimized sweetener blends achieved acceptable palatability scores (≥6.5/9) across all matrices. These findings establish directed fermentation as a viable platform for producing low-calorie functional foods with enhanced metabolic benefits, offering a evidence-based framework for industrial application
"How the Living Environment Shapes Children’s Neurological Traits and Encourages Them Toward Sports" A Field Study Applied to Primary School students in Al-Maya Municipality - Libya
This study aims to investigate the impact of residential environment on the neurological characteristics of primary school pupils and its role in sports orientation and selection. The research problem stems from the lack of clear understanding of the relationship between residential environment (urban/rural) and children’s neurological and cognitive abilities, and how these factors influence their readiness to engage In sports activities. The descriptive analytical method was adopted, with a sample of 60 pupils (30 males and 20 females) distributed across urban and rural settings. Data collection tools included a residential environment questionnaire, neurological and cognitive tests (reaction speed, attention, working memory, neuromuscular coordination), a sports selection questionnaire, observation sheets, and semi-structured interviews with teachers and coaches. Statistical analyses were conducted using means, standard deviations, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and Chi-square tests. Results revealed significant differences between urban and rural pupils in neurological characteristics, favoring the urban environment. Strong positive correlations were found between neurological characteristics and sports selection indicators. Urban pupils showed higher participation in organized sports compared to rural pupils. Gender differences were also observed: males excelled in reaction speed, while females outperformed in attention and concentration. The study concludes that the residential environment is a key determinant in shaping children’s neurological characteristics, which in turn play a crucial role in sports orientation and selection. Recommendations include integrating neurological and cognitive assessments into sports selection programs, designing educational and sports policies that consider environmental and gender differences, and conducting broader future studies to generalize findings.
A Hybrid CNN-BiLSTM Channel Estimation Framework for DVB-T2 Systems Under Time-Varying Fading Conditions
Digital Video Broadcasting – Second Generation Terrestrial (DVB-T2) remains a cornerstone of terrestrial broadcast television, yet its performance degrades significantly in high-mobility scenarios due to rapid channel variations that violate the quasi-static assumption underlying conventional pilot-based estimation. This manuscript presents a novel hybrid deep learning framework combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) networks for robust channel estimation in DVB-T2 systems operating under time-varying frequency-selective fading. The proposed method leverages scattered pilots to capture local time-frequency correlations while exploiting temporal dependencies across OFDM symbols. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a 4.2 dB improvement in bit-error-rate performance at a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB compared to conventional least-squares and linear minimum mean-square error estimators under vehicular speeds of 120 km/h. The framework maintains computational feasibility for real-time implementation, requiring only 15.6 ms per frame on standard hardware. These findings suggest that integration of lightweight deep learning architectures can extend the operational envelope of existing DVB-T2 infrastructure to emerging mobile broadcast applications.
The Reality of Geopolitical Risk Disclosure in Financial Reports: An Analytical Study of the Content of Financial Reports of a Sample of Libyan Commercial Banks
This study aimed to analyze the reality of geopolitical risk disclosure in the financial reports of a sample of Libyan commercial banks, in light of the growing importance of this type of risk and Its implications for performance and continuity. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach by using content analysis of the published financial reports of four Libyan banks, namely: Jumhouria Bank, Sahara Bank, Bank of North Africa, and National Commercial Bank, over the last five years. The analysis was guided by relevant professional and regulatory frameworks issued by the IASB, ISSB, SEC, and GRI, while employing the unweighted dichotomous variable approach. The findings revealed that disclosure of geopolitical risks does exist; however, it remains incomplete, varies across banks, and tends to be more general and descriptive than quantitative and systematic, with limited disclosure of direct financial impacts, management mechanisms, and response measures. The results also indicated a gradual improvement in some banks, although without reaching the level of integrated institutional disclosure. The study recommended the development of more robust disclosure policies, strengthening the quantitative and analytical dimensions of disclosure, linking such disclosure to risk management and business continuity, and issuing a supportive regulatory framework at the level of the Libyan banking sector.
Design and Feasibility of a 50 MW Off-Grid Wind Energy System with Integrated Power Converters for the City of Alasaba, Libya
Off-grid renewable energy systems present a transformative solution for cities facing unreliable grid infrastructure or complete isolation from national power networks. This manuscript proposes a 50 MW standalone wind energy system (WES) with fully integrated power electronic converters to supply the city of Alasaba, Libya. Located in the Jabal al Gharbi District, Alasaba experiences moderate-to-good wind resources suitable for utility-scale generation. The proposed system incorporates Type-IV permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) with back-to-back voltage source converters (VSC), battery energy storage (BESS), and a decentralized microgrid control architecture. Technical specifications, system sizing, converter topology, protection schemes, and operational strategies are detailed. Key challenges—including wind intermittency, black-start capability, frequency/voltage regulation, and desert environmental conditions are analyzed. Benefits include energy independence, diesel displacement, and long-term Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) reduction. Simulation results (inferred) demonstrate frequency stability within ±2% and voltage regulation within ±5% under variable wind conditions
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial activity of Cobalt (II) and Copper (II) Complexes with Urea
This study focuses on the Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt(II) and Copper(II) complexes with Urea using FT-IR. Their antibacterial actaivity was evaluated using both of positive Gram (Staphylococcus.aureus), and Negative Gram(Escherichia.coli). The result of the findings indicated that the cobalt (II) complex showed the high inhibitory activity compared to copper (II) complex which showed poor effective. Wile, the ligand did not show any effective. This study will be benefit to grow novel possible therapeutic agents.
Effect of Mineral, Nano NPK and Chitosan on Growth Characteristics and Biomass of Two Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Varieties in Wadi Atba, Libya
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a critical leguminous crop that plays a vital role in food security; however, it is productivity under semi-arid conditions is limited because of low nutrient use efficiency. In the 2024/2025 growing season, a field experiment was conducted in Wadi Atba, southern Libya, to evaluate the effect of mineral ,nano NPK fertilizer and chitosan on the growth and biomass production of two types of faba bean (local and imported). The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and seven fertilization treatments: control, mineral NPK(NPK min), nano NPK (NPK Nps), chitosan, 50% nano NPK + 50% mineral NPK, mineral NPK + chitosan, and nano NPK + chitosan. The results revealed that fertilization treatments and their interactions with cultivar had a significant impact on all the variables studied. The combined application of nano NPK and chitosan consistently recorded the highest values in terms of plant height, number of leaves , leaf area, fresh and dry biomass, biological yield and straw yield in both varieties with the imported cultivar showing higher performance compared to the local one. Followed by a 50% nanoNPK+ 50% mineral NPK. The findings show that nano fertilizers when used together with chitosan enhances nutrient use efficiency, vegetative growth and biomass productivity of faba bean in semi-arid conditions. This approach represents a promising and sustainable strategy for reducing reliance on the conventional mineral fertilizers and improving crop productivity.
The Impact of Using Artificial Intelligence Technologies on Improving Architectural Design
Artificial intelligence technology has been rapid development or several fields, most particularly architectural design, in terms of building design quality, increased construction efficiency, and reduced costs and working time. AI plays a significant program that able to handle unlimited amounts of data, which facilitates the design process. The designer can choose from a range of design ideas without needing to create many preliminary plans. It has been considered the technology of the future for the coming years. Through applications such as virtual reality and augmented reality, it contributes to the development of many designs, addressing design errors and delivering high-quality design work. The research concluded with several recommendations that would introduce modern software that contributes to the development of modern ideas. In addition to patterns in architectural design, meeting needs and raising the efficiency of the labor market with minimal effort and in a short time
Enabling Smart Manufacturing through Automated Quality Management Systems in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
This study aimed to enable smart manufacturing through automated quality management systems (AQMS) in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It explores this through a systematic review of contemporary literature. By analyzing key studies, this paper identifies a crucial shift from end-of-line defect detection to proactive, real-time monitoring, supported by the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems (CPS). The findings highlight several key pillars of this digital transformation: the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for quality prediction; the use of digital twins for comprehensive personalization; and the application of blockchain technology for digital tracking and regulatory compliance, particularly in sensitive sectors such as medical device manufacturing. Furthermore, the study addresses the "human factor," emphasizing that the successful implementation of AQMS depends on upskilling the workforce and fostering seamless human-machine collaboration. This research proposes a comprehensive conceptual model that bridges the gap between traditional total quality management and the demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, providing a strategic roadmap for achieving self-regulating quality systems within a modern industrial context..
Automated Quality Management Systems (AQMS)
Exploring The Awareness and Application of Maitland's Theory Among Physiotherapists in Southern Libya: A Quantitative and Qualitative Investigation
This quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study aims to investigate the awareness and application of Maitland's Theory among physiotherapists in Southern Libya. The research addresses a critical gap in the literature concerning the utilization of Maitland mobilization techniques in the region, given the unique healthcare challenges faced by Libya, particularly in its Southern region. Drawing on a sample size of 380 physiotherapists, data will be collected using a structured questionnaire administered electronically through platforms such as Google Forms. The questionnaire will include sections assessing socio-demographic information, levels of awareness and familiarity with Maitland's Theory, utilization of Maitland mobilization techniques in clinical practice, and perceived barriers to adoption. The study participants will consist of licensed physiotherapists actively engaged in clinical practice across various healthcare settings in Southern Libya. Data analysis will involve descriptive and inferential statistics to summarize demographic characteristics, explore relationships between variables, and identify factors associated with awareness and utilization of Maitland's Theory. The validity and reliability of the research instrument will be ensured through content validity, pilot testing, and test-retest reliability analysis. Ethical considerations will be addressed by obtaining approval from the institutional review board and ensuring participants' informed consent, confidentiality, and voluntary participation. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights into the current state of physiotherapy practice in Southern Libya, potentially informing targeted interventions to enhance the knowledge and skills of physiotherapists and improve the quality of musculoskeletal care delivery in the region.
The Effect of Using (AI) Programs to Find the Increasing Production in Oil and Gas
This paper deals with the study of the oil industry have embraced digital transformation, leveraging software to further boost production efficiency. Advanced software solutions now play a crucial role in monitoring, optimizing, and managing oil production, offering real-time data insights, predictive analytics, and scenario modeling. The tools help operators make smarter decisions, reduce downtime, and maximize output. This paper delves into the intersection of traditional oil production methods and modern software solutions, with a particular focus on PIPSM (Production Integrated Planning and Scheduling Management) programs. PIPSM software is designed to streamline the entire production process, from planning, scheduling to execution, and monitoring, ensuring that artificial lift methods are deployed with maximum efficiency. Through a practical case study, the project demonstrates the real-world application of PIPSM in an oil field, illustrating how it enhances production, reduces operational costs, and optimizes the use of artificial lift techniques. The results underline the transformative potential of integrating software into oil production operations, offering a glimpse into the future of a more efficient and technologically advanced industry. In conclusion, this project highlights the critical role that software plays in modernizing oil production, ensuring that even as reservoirs age, the industry can continue to meet global energy demands with greater efficiency and sustainability.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Supporting Digital Transformation and Evaluating Academic Performance in Libyan Universities: An Analytical Study
An abstract is a summary of entire paper should be written in Times New Roman with font size- 10. Author can select Normal style from styles of this template. The abstract should not be more than 250 words and written in single paragraph. This electronic document is a “live” template. The abstract includes the overall purpose of the study you investigated, the basic design of the study, results of your analysis and brief summary of your interpretations and conclusion. An abstract is a summary of entire paper should be written in Times New Roman with font size- 10. Author can select Normal style from styles of this template. The abstract should not be more than 250 words and written in single paragraph. This electronic document is a “live” template. The abstract includes the overall purpose of the study you investigated, the basic design of the study, results of your analysis and brief summary of your interpretations and conclusion.