Physiological Effects of Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles on Liver and Kidney Function: A Systematic Review of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cellular Responses

Abstract

Background: Chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs) have emerged as a pivotal frontier in targeted oncology, offering enhanced biocompatibility and site-specific drug delivery. However a comprehensive physiological evaluation of their systemic safety profile remains essential for clinical translation.

Objective: This reference study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility of using nanoparticles on organs, with a particular focus on liver and kidney functions and blood parameters.

Methods: A rigorous synthesis of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies was conducted. The analysis prioritized biochemical markers of liver and kidney function, histopathological outcomes, and the molecular pathways governing nanoparticle-organ interactions. Comparative assessments between coated and uncoated formulations were performed to elucidate the role of chitosan in mitigating systemic toxicity.

Results: Evidence indicates that chitosan functionalization significantly enhances nanoparticle stability and reduces off-target accumulation. Physiological data reveal that CMNPs generally maintain stable hepatic enzyme profiles and renal filtration markers exhibiting a protective or neutral effect on organ function. While transient fluctuations in certain hematological parameters were noted they remained within physiological reference ranges, suggesting minimal hemolytic potential.

Conclusion: CMNPs demonstrate a favorable safety profile with superior biocompatibility compared to conventional delivery systems. Despite these promising findings, the heterogeneity in existing longitudinal data necessitates standardized toxicological protocols. Future research should prioritize chronic exposure models to fully characterize the long-term physiological implications of CMNP-based therapies in nanomedicine