A Study on Diabetes Mellitus and its Relationship with Diabetic Retinopathy in Sabratha and Sorman Regions and Methods of Prevention

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), assess the prevalence of DR, and determine the associated clinical and behavioral risk factors among diabetic patients in Sabratha and Sorman regions, Libya. A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional design was utilized, involving a convenient sample of 28 patients diagnosed with DR from specialized clinics and hospitals in the study areas. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire focusing on demographic information, clinical measurements (e.g., HbA1c, blood pressure), treatment adherence, and lifestyle factors. Results indicated that the majority of patients (78.6%) with DR were suffering from Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Insulin-Dependent) and showed high adherence to prescribed medication (85.71%). Clinically, macular edema led to vision decrease and blood vessel damage. Importantly, the analysis of behavioral factors revealed that unhealthy dietary patterns had the highest standard deviation, suggesting a significant lack of dietary adherence and self-management, which strongly correlates with disease progression. Furthermore, poor regularity in performing the HbA1c test was a major indicator of increased risk of ocular complications. The study concludes that DR is a significant complication in the region, largely exacerbated by poor dietary control and inconsistent follow-up. It strongly recommends intensive health education programs focusing on proper nutrition and regular screening (retinal examination and HbA1c testing) as key preventive strategies.