Dimensions of Implementing Blockchain Technology in Libyan Higher Education Institutions: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract

This study aimed to explore blockchain technology in higher education by examining its core concepts, mechanics, and administrative/security advantages, alongside identifying key application areas within educational institutions aligned with the Fifth Industrial Revolution. Specifically, the research examined the prospects and implications of deploying blockchain across Libyan universities to archive academic records, enhance certificate authenticity, and optimize administrative and financial workflows. Integrating a descriptive-analytical approach with Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), the study analyzed international literature and developed a hybrid architectural framework tailored to Libya's operational challenges. Findings indicate that blockchain significantly strengthens data governance, boosts cybersecurity, streamlines administrative procedures, and combats record tampering. However, implementation is hindered by critical structural constraints, notably inadequate IT infrastructure, chronic power outages, and a shortage of specialized technical personnel. The study recommends the adoption of a comprehensive national digital transformation strategy by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.