Optimal Solar PV Module Specification Across Libya's Climate Zones: A Multi-Stress Analysis with PVsyst Cross-Validation, Integrating Thermal, Soiling, Humidity, and Wind Effects

Islam Shahboun; Abdulgader Alsharif Alsharif

doi:10.65421/jibas.v2i3.172

المؤلفون

إسلام شهبون قسم الهندسة الميكانيكية والصناعية، كلية الهندسة، جامعة طرابلس، طرابلس، ليبيا المؤلف
عبد القادر الشريف قسم الهندسة الكهربائية والإلكترونية، كلية العلوم التقنية - سبها، سبها، ليبيا المؤلف

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65421/jibas.v2i3.172

الكلمات المفتاحية:

أداء الألواح الشمسية، التصنيف المناخي، الفاقد الحراري، التلوث الغباري، خاطر التدهور المستحث بالجهد (PID)، تبريد الرياح، PVsyst، ليبيا

الملخص

تمتد ليبيا عبر شريط ساحلي متوسطي، وهضبة مرتفعة، وصحراء داخلية شديدة الجفاف ضمن بلد واحد، إلا أن مواصفات الألواح الشمسية (PV) تُختار عادة دون مراعاة هذا التنوع المناخي. تشتق هذه الدراسة ثلاث مناطق مناخية مبنية على البيانات لليبيا، اعتمادًا على اثني عشر عامًا من البيانات المناخية في اثنتي عشرة محطة رصد، باستخدام تحليل التجميع الإحصائي (k-means) لدرجة الحرارة والرطوبة والارتفاع والإشعاع الشمسي. ولكل منطقة، تم نمذجة الفاقد الحراري، والتلوث الغباري، ومخاطر التدهور الكهربائي المستحث بالجهد (PID) والتآكل المرتبطة بالرطوبة، وتأثيرات الرياح، باستخدام نموذج Faiman لحرارة الخلية الشمسية، وتحويل Perez للإشعاع، ومعدلات ترسّب غباري مستمدة من الأدبيات العلمية، مع فصل تأثير الرياح إلى مساهمة تبريدية بمتوسط سرعة الرياح وقيمة تصميمية إنشائية عند سرعات الرياح القصوى.

يتراوح الفاقد الحراري السنوي بين 3.39% في المنطقة الساحلية و5.35% في الصحراء الداخلية، بينما يتراوح فاقد الغبار عند دورة تنظيف كل 30 يومًا بين 2.70% و8.25%. وتصل ساعات الإجهاد الحراري-الرطوبي المشترك إلى 1119.8 ساعة/سنة في المنطقة الساحلية مقابل 2.8 ساعة/سنة فقط في الصحراء الداخلية، بينما لا يتجاوز الفارق في الإنتاجية النوعية الصافية بين المناطق 2.25% عند اعتماد جدول تنظيف موحّد كل 30 يومًا، ليتسع هذا الفارق إلى 7.16% عند اعتماد جدول تنظيف مخصص لكل منطقة؛ وهذا التباين في ساعات الإجهاد وتأثير جدول الصيانة يمثلان، على حد علم الباحثين، أول دليل كمّي على أن المناطق المناخية الليبية تختلف في متطلبات الصيانة والموثوقية أكثر من اختلافها في الإمكانات الشمسية الخام.

جرى التحقق من النتائج بشكل متقاطع مقابل برنامج PVsyst 7.4.8 في ثلاثة مواقع ممثّلة باستخدام لوح AIKO ABC المُركَّب فعليًا؛ ويؤكد PVsyst بشكل مستقل أن الصحراء الداخلية تتفوق إنتاجيًا على المنطقتين الساحلية والهضبية رغم ارتفاع فواقدها. وتُدمج هذه النتائج في مصفوفة مواصفات تغطي تقنية الخلية، وإجراءات مقاومة PID، وفئة مقاومة التآكل، ودورة التنظيف، وتصنيف مقاومة الرياح، لتوفر أساسًا عمليًا لقرارات نشر أنظمة الطاقة الشمسية عبر ليبيا.

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